Bro/Zeek Logging Framework for Python

Module Contents

Bro/Zeek logging framework.

zlogging.write(data, filename, format, *args, **kwargs)

Write Bro/Zeek log file.

Parameters
Raises

WriterFormatError – If format is not supported.

zlogging.dump(data, file, format, *args, **kwargs)

Write Bro/Zeek log file.

Parameters
  • data (Iterable of Model) – Log records as an Iterable of Model per line.

  • format (str) – Log format.

  • file (_io.TextIOWrapper) – Log file object opened in text mode.

  • *args – See dump_json() and dump_ascii() for more information.

  • **kwargs – See dump_json() and dump_ascii() for more information.

Raises

WriterFormatError – If format is not supported.

zlogging.dumps(data, format, *args, **kwargs)

Write Bro/Zeek log string.

Parameters
Raises

WriterFormatError – If format is not supported.

zlogging.parse(filename, *args, **kwargs)

Parse Bro/Zeek log file.

Parameters
Returns

The parsed JSON log data.

Raises

ParserError – If the format of the log file is unknown.

Return type

Union[zlogging._data.JSONInfo, zlogging._data.ASCIIInfo]

zlogging.load(file, *args, **kwargs)

Parse Bro/Zeek log file.

Parameters
Returns

The parsed JSON log data.

Raises

ParserError – If the format of the log file is unknown.

Return type

Union[zlogging._data.JSONInfo, zlogging._data.ASCIIInfo]

zlogging.loads(data, *args, **kwargs)

Parse Bro/Zeek log string.

Parameters
Returns

The parsed JSON log data.

Raises

ParserError – If the format of the log file is unknown.

Return type

Union[zlogging._data.JSONInfo, zlogging._data.ASCIIInfo]

class zlogging.Model(*args, **kwargs)

Bases: object

Log data model.

Variables
  • __fields__ (OrderedDict mapping str and BaseType) – Fields of the data model.

  • __record_fields__ (OrderedDict mapping str and RecordType) – Fields of record data type in the data model.

  • __empty_field__ (bytes) – Placeholder for empty field.

  • __unset_field__ (bytes) – Placeholder for unset field.

  • __set_separator__ (bytes) – Separator for set/vector fields.

Warns

BroDeprecationWarning – Use of bro_* type annotations.

Raises
  • ModelValueError – In case of inconsistency between field data types, or values of unset_field, empty_field and set_separator.

  • ModelTypeError – Wrong parameters when initialisation.

Note

Customise the Model.__post_init__ method in your subclassed data model to implement your own ideas.

Example

Define a custom log data model using the prefines Bro/Zeek data types, or subclasses of BaseType:

class MyLog(Model):
    field_one = StringType()
    field_two = SetType(element_type=PortType)

Or you may use type annotations as PEP 484 introduced when declaring data models. All available type hints can be found in typing:

class MyLog(Model):
    field_one: zeek_string
    field_two: zeek_set[zeek_port]

However, when mixing annotations and direct assignments, annotations will take proceedings, i.e. the Model class shall process first annotations then assignments. Should there be any conflicts, ModelError will be raised.

See also

See _aux_expand_typing() for more information about processing the fields.

property fields

OrderedDict mapping str and BaseType: fields of the data model

property unset_field

bytes: placeholder for empty field

property empty_field

bytes: placeholder for unset field

property set_separator

bytes: separator for set/vector fields

__post_init__()

Post-processing customisation.

__call__(format)

Serialise data model with given format.

Parameters

format (str) – Serialisation format.

Returns

The serialised data.

Raises

ModelFormatError – If format is not supproted, i.e. Mode.to{format}() does not exist.

Return type

Any

tojson()

Serialise data model as JSON log format.

Returns

An OrderedDict mapping each field and serialised JSON serialisable data.

Return type

OrderedDict[str, Any]

toascii()

Serialise data model as ASCII log format.

Returns

An OrderedDict mapping each field and serialised text data.

Return type

OrderedDict[str, str]

asdict(dict_factory=None)

Convert data model as a dictionary mapping field names to field values.

Parameters

dict_factory (Optional[type]) – If given, dict_factory will be used instead of built-in dict.

Returns

A dictionary mapping field names to field values.

Return type

Dict[str, Any]

astuple(tuple_factory=None)

Convert data model as a tuple of field values.

Parameters

tuple_factory (Optional[type]) – If given, tuple_factory will be used instead of built-in tuple.

Returns

A tuple of field values.

Return type

Tuple[Any]

zlogging.new_model(name, **fields)

Create a data model dynamically with the appropriate fields.

Parameters
  • name (str) – data model name

  • **fields – defined fields of the data model

  • Any] fields (Dict[str,) –

Returns

created data model

Return type

Model

Examples

Typically, we define a data model by subclassing the Model class, as following:

class MyLog(Model):
    field_one = StringType()
    field_two = SetType(element_type=PortType)

when defining dynamically with new_model(), the definition above can be rewrote to:

MyLog = new_model('MyLog', field_one=StringType(), field_two=SetType(element_type=PortType))
class zlogging.AddrType(empty_field=None, unset_field=None, set_separator=None, *args, **kwargs)

Bases: zlogging.types._SimpleType

Bro/Zeek addr data type.

Parameters
  • empty_field (bytes or str, optional) – Placeholder for empty field.

  • unset_field (bytes or str, optional) – Placeholder for unset field.

  • set_separator (bytes or str, optional) – Separator for set/vector fields.

  • *args – Variable length argument list.

  • **kwargs – Arbitrary keyword arguments.

Variables
  • empty_field (bytes) – Placeholder for empty field.

  • unset_field (bytes) – Placeholder for unset field.

  • set_separator (bytes) – Separator for set/vector fields.

property python_type

type: Corresponding Python type annotation.

property zeek_type

str: Corresponding Zeek type name.

parse(data)

Parse data from string.

Parameters

data (Union[AnyStr, ipaddress.IPv4Address, ipaddress.IPv6Address]) – raw data

Returns

The parsed IP address. If data is unset, None will be returned.

Return type

Union[None, ipaddress.IPv4Address, ipaddress.IPv6Address]

tojson(data)

Serialize data as JSON log format.

Parameters

data (Union[None, ipaddress.IPv4Address, ipaddress.IPv6Address]) – raw data

Returns

The JSON serialisable IP address string.

Return type

str

toascii(data)

Serialize data as ASCII log format.

Parameters

data (Union[None, ipaddress.IPv4Address, ipaddress.IPv6Address]) – raw data

Returns

The ASCII representation of the IP address.

Return type

str

class zlogging.BoolType(empty_field=None, unset_field=None, set_separator=None, *args, **kwargs)

Bases: zlogging.types._SimpleType

Bro/Zeek bool data type.

Parameters
  • empty_field (bytes or str, optional) – Placeholder for empty field.

  • unset_field (bytes or str, optional) – Placeholder for unset field.

  • set_separator (bytes or str, optional) – Separator for set/vector fields.

  • *args – Variable length argument list.

  • **kwargs – Arbitrary keyword arguments.

Variables
  • empty_field (bytes) – Placeholder for empty field.

  • unset_field (bytes) – Placeholder for unset field.

  • set_separator (bytes) – Separator for set/vector fields.

property python_type

type: Corresponding Python type annotation.

property zeek_type

str: Corresponding Zeek type name.

parse(data)

Parse data from string.

Parameters

data (Union[AnyStr, bool]) – raw data

Returns

The parsed boolean data. If data is unset, None will be returned.

Raises

ZeekValueError – If data is NOT unset and NOT T (True) nor F (False) in Bro/Zeek script language.

Return type

Union[None, bool]

tojson(data)

Serialize data as JSON log format.

Parameters

data (Union[None, bool]) – raw data

Returns

The JSON serialisable boolean data.

Return type

Union[None, bool]

toascii(data)

Serialize data as ASCII log format.

Parameters

data (Union[None, bool]) – raw data

Returns

T if True, F if False.

Return type

str

class zlogging.CountType(empty_field=None, unset_field=None, set_separator=None, *args, **kwargs)

Bases: zlogging.types._SimpleType

Bro/Zeek count data type.

Parameters
  • empty_field (bytes or str, optional) – Placeholder for empty field.

  • unset_field (bytes or str, optional) – Placeholder for unset field.

  • set_separator (bytes or str, optional) – Separator for set/vector fields.

  • *args – Variable length argument list.

  • **kwargs – Arbitrary keyword arguments.

Variables
  • empty_field (bytes) – Placeholder for empty field.

  • unset_field (bytes) – Placeholder for unset field.

  • set_separator (bytes) – Separator for set/vector fields.

property python_type

type: Corresponding Python type annotation.

property zeek_type

str: Corresponding Zeek type name.

parse(data)

Parse data from string.

Parameters

data (Union[AnyStr, ctypes.c_ulong]) – raw data

Returns

The parsed numeral data. If data is unset, None will be returned.

Return type

Union[None, ctypes.c_ulong]

tojson(data)

Serialize data as JSON log format.

Parameters

data (Union[None, ctypes.c_ulong]) – raw data

Returns

The JSON serialisable numeral data.

Return type

int

toascii(data)

Serialize data as ASCII log format.

Parameters

data (Union[None, ctypes.c_ulong]) – raw data

Returns

The ASCII representation of numeral data.

Return type

str

class zlogging.DoubleType(empty_field=None, unset_field=None, set_separator=None, *args, **kwargs)

Bases: zlogging.types._SimpleType

Bro/Zeek double data type.

Parameters
  • empty_field (bytes or str, optional) – Placeholder for empty field.

  • unset_field (bytes or str, optional) – Placeholder for unset field.

  • set_separator (bytes or str, optional) – Separator for set/vector fields.

  • *args – Variable length argument list.

  • **kwargs – Arbitrary keyword arguments.

Variables
  • empty_field (bytes) – Placeholder for empty field.

  • unset_field (bytes) – Placeholder for unset field.

  • set_separator (bytes) – Separator for set/vector fields.

property python_type

type: Corresponding Python type annotation.

property zeek_type

str: Corresponding Zeek type name.

parse(data)

Parse data from string.

Parameters

data (Union[AnyStr, decimal.Decimal]) – raw data

Returns

The parsed numeral data. If data is unset, None will be returned.

Return type

Union[None, decimal.Decimal]

tojson(data)

Serialize data as JSON log format.

Parameters

data (Union[None, decimal.Decimal]) – raw data

Returns

The JSON serialisable numeral data.

Return type

float

toascii(data)

Serialize data as ASCII log format.

Parameters

data (Union[None, decimal.Decimal]) – raw data

Returns

The ASCII representation of numeral data.

Return type

str

class zlogging.EnumType(empty_field=None, unset_field=None, set_separator=None, namespaces=None, bare=False, enum_hook=None, *args, **kwargs)

Bases: zlogging.types._SimpleType

Bro/Zeek enum data type.

Parameters
  • empty_field (bytes or str, optional) – Placeholder for empty field.

  • unset_field (bytes or str, optional) – Placeholder for unset field.

  • set_separator (bytes or str, optional) – Separator for set/vector fields.

  • namespaces (List[str], optional) – Namespaces to be loaded.

  • bare (bool, optional) – If True, do not load zeek namespace by default.

  • enum_hook (dict mapping of str and enum.Enum, optional) – Additional enum to be included in the namespace.

  • *args – Variable length argument list.

  • **kwargs – Arbitrary keyword arguments.

Variables
  • empty_field (bytes) – Placeholder for empty field.

  • unset_field (bytes) – Placeholder for unset field.

  • set_separator (bytes) – Separator for set/vector fields.

  • enum_namespaces (dict mapping str and enum.Enum) – Global namespace for enum data type.

property python_type

type: Corresponding Python type annotation.

property zeek_type

str: Corresponding Zeek type name.

parse(data)

Parse data from string.

Parameters

data (Union[AnyStr, enum.Enum]) – raw data

Returns

The parsed enum data. If data is unset, None will be returned.

Warns

ZeekValueWarning – If date is not defined in the enum namespace.

Return type

Union[None, enum.Enum]

tojson(data)

Serialize data as JSON log format.

Parameters

data (Union[None, enum.Enum]) – raw data

Returns

The JSON serialisable enum data.

Return type

str

toascii(data)

Serialize data as ASCII log format.

Parameters

data (Union[None, enum.Enum]) – raw data

Returns

The ASCII representation of the enum data.

Return type

str

class zlogging.IntervalType(empty_field=None, unset_field=None, set_separator=None, *args, **kwargs)

Bases: zlogging.types._SimpleType

Bro/Zeek interval data type.

Parameters
  • empty_field (bytes or str, optional) – Placeholder for empty field.

  • unset_field (bytes or str, optional) – Placeholder for unset field.

  • set_separator (bytes or str, optional) – Separator for set/vector fields.

  • *args – Variable length argument list.

  • **kwargs – Arbitrary keyword arguments.

Variables
  • empty_field (bytes) – Placeholder for empty field.

  • unset_field (bytes) – Placeholder for unset field.

  • set_separator (bytes) – Separator for set/vector fields.

property python_type

type: Corresponding Python type annotation.

property zeek_type

str: Corresponding Zeek type name.

parse(data)

Parse data from string.

Parameters

data (Union[AnyStr, datetime.timedelta]) – raw data

Returns

The parsed numeral data. If data is unset, None will be returned.

Return type

Union[None, datetime.timedelta]

tojson(data)

Serialize data as JSON log format.

Parameters

data (Union[None, datetime.timedelta]) – raw data

Returns

The JSON serialisable numeral data.

Return type

int

toascii(data)

Serialize data as ASCII log format.

Parameters

data (Union[None, datetime.timedelta]) – raw data

Returns

The ASCII representation of numeral data.

Return type

str

class zlogging.IntType(empty_field=None, unset_field=None, set_separator=None, *args, **kwargs)

Bases: zlogging.types._SimpleType

Bro/Zeek int data type.

Parameters
  • empty_field (bytes or str, optional) – Placeholder for empty field.

  • unset_field (bytes or str, optional) – Placeholder for unset field.

  • set_separator (bytes or str, optional) – Separator for set/vector fields.

  • *args – Variable length argument list.

  • **kwargs – Arbitrary keyword arguments.

Variables
  • empty_field (bytes) – Placeholder for empty field.

  • unset_field (bytes) – Placeholder for unset field.

  • set_separator (bytes) – Separator for set/vector fields.

property python_type

type: Corresponding Python type annotation.

property zeek_type

str: Corresponding Zeek type name.

parse(data)

Parse data from string.

Parameters

data (Union[AnyStr, ctypes.c_long]) – raw data

Returns

The parsed numeral data. If data is unset, None will be returned.

Return type

Union[None, ctypes.c_long]

tojson(data)

Serialize data as JSON log format.

Parameters

data (Union[None, ctypes.c_long]) – raw data

Returns

The JSON serialisable numeral data.

Return type

int

toascii(data)

Serialize data as ASCII log format.

Parameters

data (Union[None, ctypes.c_long]) – raw data

Returns

The ASCII representation of numeral data.

Return type

str

class zlogging.PortType(empty_field=None, unset_field=None, set_separator=None, *args, **kwargs)

Bases: zlogging.types._SimpleType

Bro/Zeek port data type.

Parameters
  • empty_field (bytes or str, optional) – Placeholder for empty field.

  • unset_field (bytes or str, optional) – Placeholder for unset field.

  • set_separator (bytes or str, optional) – Separator for set/vector fields.

  • *args – Variable length argument list.

  • **kwargs – Arbitrary keyword arguments.

Variables
  • empty_field (bytes) – Placeholder for empty field.

  • unset_field (bytes) – Placeholder for unset field.

  • set_separator (bytes) – Separator for set/vector fields.

property python_type

type: Corresponding Python type annotation.

property zeek_type

str: Corresponding Zeek type name.

parse(data)

Parse data from string.

Parameters

data (Union[AnyStr, ctypes.c_ushort]) – raw data

Returns

The parsed port number. If data is unset, None will be returned.

Return type

Union[None, ctypes.c_ushort]

tojson(data)

Serialize data as JSON log format.

Parameters

data (Union[None, ctypes.c_ushort]) – raw data

Returns

The JSON serialisable port number string.

Return type

int

toascii(data)

Serialize data as ASCII log format.

Parameters

data (Union[None, ctypes.c_ushort]) – raw data

Returns

The ASCII representation of the port number.

Return type

str

class zlogging.RecordType(empty_field=None, unset_field=None, set_separator=None, *args, **element_mapping)

Bases: zlogging.types._VariadicType

Bro/Zeek record data type.

Parameters
  • empty_field (bytes or str, optional) – Placeholder for empty field.

  • unset_field (bytes or str, optional) – Placeholder for unset field.

  • set_separator (bytes or str, optional) – Separator for set/vector fields.

  • *args – Variable length argument list.

  • **kwargs – element_mapping (dict mapping str and BaseType instance): Data type of container’s elements.

Variables
  • empty_field (bytes) – Placeholder for empty field.

  • unset_field (bytes) – Placeholder for unset field.

  • set_separator (bytes) – Separator for set/vector fields.

  • element_mapping (dict mapping str and BaseType instance) – Data type of container’s elements.

Raises
  • ZeekTypeError – If element_mapping is not supplied.

  • ZeekValueError – If element_mapping is not a valid Bro/Zeek data type; or in case of inconsistency from empty_field, unset_field and set_separator of each field.

Note

A valid element_mapping should be a simple or generic data type, i.e. a subclass of _SimpleType or _GenericType.

See also

See _aux_expand_typing() for more information about processing the fields.

property python_type

type: Corresponding Python type annotation.

property zeek_type

str: Corresponding Zeek type name.

class zlogging.SetType(empty_field=None, unset_field=None, set_separator=None, element_type=None, *args, **kwargs)

Bases: zlogging.types._GenericType, typing.Generic

Bro/Zeek set data type.

Parameters
  • empty_field (bytes or str, optional) – Placeholder for empty field.

  • unset_field (bytes or str, optional) – Placeholder for unset field.

  • set_separator (bytes or str, optional) – Separator for set/vector fields.

  • element_type (BaseType instance) – Data type of container’s elements.

  • *args – Variable length argument list.

  • **kwargs – Arbitrary keyword arguments.

Variables
  • empty_field (bytes) – Placeholder for empty field.

  • unset_field (bytes) – Placeholder for unset field.

  • set_separator (bytes) – Separator for set/vector fields.

  • element_type (BaseType instance) – Data type of container’s elements.

Raises

Example

As a generic data type, the class supports the typing proxy as introduced PEP 484:

>>> SetType[StringType]

which is the same at runtime as following:

>>> SetType(element_type=StringType())

Note

A valid element_type should be a simple data type, i.e. a subclass of _SimpleType.

property python_type

type: Corresponding Python type annotation.

property zeek_type

str: Corresponding Zeek type name.

parse(data)

Parse data from string.

Parameters

data (Union[AnyStr, Set[data]]) – raw data

Returns

The parsed set data. If data is unset, None will be returned.

Return type

Union[None, Set[data]]

tojson(data)

Serialize data as JSON log format.

Parameters

data (Union[None, Set[data]]) – raw data

Returns

The JSON serialisable set data.

Return type

list

toascii(data)

Serialize data as ASCII log format.

Parameters

data (Union[None, Set[data]]) – raw data

Returns

The ASCII representation of the set data.

Return type

str

class zlogging.StringType(empty_field=None, unset_field=None, set_separator=None, *args, **kwargs)

Bases: zlogging.types._SimpleType

Bro/Zeek string data type.

Parameters
  • empty_field (bytes or str, optional) – Placeholder for empty field.

  • unset_field (bytes or str, optional) – Placeholder for unset field.

  • set_separator (bytes or str, optional) – Separator for set/vector fields.

  • *args – Variable length argument list.

  • **kwargs – Arbitrary keyword arguments.

Variables
  • empty_field (bytes) – Placeholder for empty field.

  • unset_field (bytes) – Placeholder for unset field.

  • set_separator (bytes) – Separator for set/vector fields.

property python_type

type: Corresponding Python type annotation.

property zeek_type

str: Corresponding Zeek type name.

parse(data)

Parse data from string.

Parameters

data (Union[AnyStr, memoryview, bytearray]) – raw data

Returns

The parsed string data. If data is unset, None will be returned.

Return type

Union[None, ByteString]

tojson(data)

Serialize data as JSON log format.

Parameters

data (Union[None, ByteString]) – raw data

Returns

The JSON serialisable string data encoded in ASCII.

Return type

str

toascii(data)

Serialize data as ASCII log format.

Parameters

data (Union[None, ByteString]) – raw data

Returns

The ASCII encoded string data.

Return type

str

class zlogging.SubnetType(empty_field=None, unset_field=None, set_separator=None, *args, **kwargs)

Bases: zlogging.types._SimpleType

Bro/Zeek subnet data type.

Parameters
  • empty_field (bytes or str, optional) – Placeholder for empty field.

  • unset_field (bytes or str, optional) – Placeholder for unset field.

  • set_separator (bytes or str, optional) – Separator for set/vector fields.

  • *args – Variable length argument list.

  • **kwargs – Arbitrary keyword arguments.

Variables
  • empty_field (bytes) – Placeholder for empty field.

  • unset_field (bytes) – Placeholder for unset field.

  • set_separator (bytes) – Separator for set/vector fields.

property python_type

type: Corresponding Python type annotation.

property zeek_type

str: Corresponding Zeek type name.

parse(data)

Parse data from string.

Parameters

data (Union[AnyStr, ipaddress.IPv4Network, ipaddress.IPv6Network]) – raw data

Returns

The parsed IP network. If data is unset, None will be returned.

Return type

Union[None, ipaddress.IPv4Network, ipaddress.IPv6Network]

tojson(data)

Serialize data as JSON log format.

Parameters

data (Union[None, ipaddress.IPv4Network, ipaddress.IPv6Network]) – raw data

Returns

The JSON serialisable IP network string.

Return type

str

toascii(data)

Serialize data as ASCII log format.

Parameters

data (Union[None, ipaddress.IPv4Network, ipaddress.IPv6Network]) – raw data

Returns

The ASCII representation of the IP network.

Return type

str

class zlogging.TimeType(empty_field=None, unset_field=None, set_separator=None, *args, **kwargs)

Bases: zlogging.types._SimpleType

Bro/Zeek time data type.

Parameters
  • empty_field (bytes or str, optional) – Placeholder for empty field.

  • unset_field (bytes or str, optional) – Placeholder for unset field.

  • set_separator (bytes or str, optional) – Separator for set/vector fields.

  • *args – Variable length argument list.

  • **kwargs – Arbitrary keyword arguments.

Variables
  • empty_field (bytes) – Placeholder for empty field.

  • unset_field (bytes) – Placeholder for unset field.

  • set_separator (bytes) – Separator for set/vector fields.

property python_type

type: Corresponding Python type annotation.

property zeek_type

str: Corresponding Zeek type name.

parse(data)

Parse data from string.

Parameters

data (Union[AnyStr, datetime.datetime]) – raw data

Returns

The parsed numeral data. If data is unset, None will be returned.

Return type

Union[None, datetime.datetime]

tojson(data)

Serialize data as JSON log format.

Parameters

data (Union[None, datetime.datetime]) – raw data

Returns

The JSON serialisable numeral data.

Return type

int

toascii(data)

Serialize data as ASCII log format.

Parameters

data (Union[None, datetime.datetime]) – raw data

Returns

The ASCII representation of numeral data.

Return type

str

class zlogging.VectorType(empty_field=None, unset_field=None, set_separator=None, element_type=None, *args, **kwargs)

Bases: zlogging.types._GenericType, typing.Generic

Bro/Zeek vector data type.

Parameters
  • empty_field (bytes or str, optional) – Placeholder for empty field.

  • unset_field (bytes or str, optional) – Placeholder for unset field.

  • set_separator (bytes or str, optional) – Separator for set/vector fields.

  • element_type (BaseType instance) – Data type of container’s elements.

  • *args – Variable length argument list.

  • **kwargs – Arbitrary keyword arguments.

Variables
  • empty_field (bytes) – Placeholder for empty field.

  • unset_field (bytes) – Placeholder for unset field.

  • set_separator (bytes) – Separator for set/vector fields.

  • element_type (BaseType instance) – Data type of container’s elements.

Raises

Example

As a generic data type, the class supports the typing proxy as introduced PEP 484:

>>> VectorType[StringType]

which is the same at runtime as following:

>>> VectorType(element_type=StringType())

Note

A valid element_type should be a simple data type, i.e. a subclass of _SimpleType.

property python_type

type: Corresponding Python type annotation.

property zeek_type

str: Corresponding Zeek type name.

parse(data)

Parse data from string.

Parameters

data (Union[AnyStr, List[data]]) – raw data

Returns

The parsed list data. If data is unset, None will be returned.

Return type

Union[None, List[data]]

tojson(data)

Serialize data as JSON log format.

Parameters

data (Union[None, List[data]]) – raw data

Returns

The JSON serialisable list data.

Return type

list

toascii(data)

Serialize data as ASCII log format.

Parameters

data (Union[None, List[data]]) – raw data

Returns

The ASCII representation of the list data.

Return type

str